İmpacts of psychoeducation among the caregivers of schizophrenic patients to both clinical course of the illness and to the level of expressed emotion in caregivers

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of psychoeducation among caregivers of schizophrenic patients on both clinical course of the illness and on the level of expressed emotion(EE) in them. MATERIALS and METHODS: The sample included schizophrenic patients who were admitted to psychiatry department as inpatients and their primary caregivers (N=39). Initially, a sociodemographic data form, Expressed Emotion Scale, Social Support Scales, State Anxiety Levels(STAI-I),The Inventories of Beck Depression and Anxiety were administered to 39 caregivers who aggreed to participate to the study. Also, the thirty-nine patients were assessed through by a sociodemographic data form, The Scales of Clinical Global Impression (CGI), and Calgary Depression; Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). A sixteen hours-structured expressed emotion education was administrated to caregivers within two weeks. The same scales were repeated at the end of third month following the education to seventeen schizophrenic subjects and their caregivers. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the clinical scores before and after Psychoeducation.We found no significant improvement in EE levels of caregivers. In addition, the scores of EE tended to decrease by the end of third month following education (p=0,057). The significant correlation between the scores of EE and the duration of illness(r=0.51, p=0.03) may suggest a decline to healthy conditions in EE reaction levels during the long-term course of the illness. CONCLUSION: Psycho-educational programs as one of the fundamental nursing responsibilities are very important in adaptation of patients and their families to the institutions. Although it couldn't be shown in this study, it may be stated that, in schizophrenia therapy, in addition to the drug therapy and psychotherapeutic interventions to the patients psycho-educational programs for the families and caregivers might contribute to improve the expression of emotions, effective on the prognosis of the disease.AMAÇ: Bu araşmanın amacı şizofreni hastalarına bakım veren ailelere yapılan psikoeğitimin, hastaların klinik gidişine ve bakımvericilerin duygu dışavurumu (DD) düzeyleri üzerine olan etkisini incelemektir. GEREÇ ve YÖNTEMLER: Araşmanın örneklemini Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi (ADÜ) psikiyatri kliniğine Mart 2004-Mart 2005 tarihleri arasında yatısı yapılan şizofreni hastaları ve bu hastaların primer bakım vericileri olusturmustur (N=39). Uygulamanın başında bir psikiyatri hemşiresi tarafından çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden bakımverici 39 kisiye sosyodemografik özellikler soru formu, Duygudışavurum Ölçegi (DDÖ),Aile veArkadas Sosyal Destek Ölçekleri, 2 psikiyatrist tarafından Durumluk Kaygı Ölçegi (STAI-I), Beck Depresyon ve Anksiyete Ölçekleri; hastalara, psikiyatri hemşiresi tarafından sosyodemografik özellikler soru formu ve 2 psikiyatrist tarafından Klinik Global Izlenim (KGI), Kısa Psikiyatrik Degerlendirme Ölçegi (BPRS), Calgary şizofrenide Depresyon (CSD) Ölçegi, Pozitif ve Negatif Sendrom Skalası (PANSS)Ölçegi uygulanmıştır. Uygulamaya katılan bakımvericilere 2 hafta boyunca toplam 16 saat yapılandırılmış psikoeğitim uygulanmıştır. Eğitim verildikten sonraki 3.ayın sonunda aynı ölçekler yeniden uygulanmış, ancak çeşitli nedenlerle hastaneye gelmeyen 22 şizofreni hastası ve bakım vericisine ölçekler uygulanamamıştır. Bu nedenle çalışma 17 şizofreni hastası ve bakımvericisi ile tamamlanmıştır. BULGULAR: Hastaların başlangıç klinik skorları ile eğitim programından üç ay sonraki klinik skorlar arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Bakım vericilerinin DD düzeylerinde eğitimle bir düzelme görülmemiş, ancak 3.ay sonunda DDÖ skorlarında istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyine ulaşmasa da bir azalma eğilimi olduğu bulunmuştur (p=0,057). Eğitim programı bakım vericilerin arkadas ve aile sosyal destek algısını da etkilememiştir. DD skorları ile hastalık süresi arasında anlamlı düzeyde bir pozitif korelasyon bulunduğu için(r=0.51,p=0.03), hastalık süresi uzadıkça DD tepkilerinin sağlıklı düzeylere yaklastığı düşünülmüştür. SONUÇ: Temel hemşirelik sorumluluklarından biri olan psikoeğitimsel programlar hastaların ve ailelerinin topluma ve kurumlara uyum sağlamalarında son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışma ile gösterilememiş olsa bile şizofreni tedavisinde hastaya yönelik uygulanan ilaç tedavisi ve psikoterapötik girişimlerin yanında, ailelere ve bakım vericilere uygulanacak psikoeğitim programının hastalığın prognozunda etkili bir durum olan duygu dışavurumuna önemli katkılar sağladığı söylenebilir

Proprietăţile chimice şi activitatea antioxidantă a patru genotipuri locale de goji (Lycium Barbarum L.)

Since the beginning of the 21st century, goji berries have become increasingly popular in Turkey and Europe and have been promoted in advertisements and in the media as an anti-aging remedy. In this study, chemical properties (total soluble solid contents, pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C, antioxidant activity and total phenolic) of goji (Lycium barbarum) fruits grown in the Denizli province of Turkey were investigated. The total soluble solids content of goji varied between 15.2% (G1) and 19.8% (G3), titratable acidity between 0.9% (G1) and 1.5% (G4), pH between 3.25 (G2) and 4.36 (G3), respectively. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was in the range from 18.26 (G4) to 32.18 (G2) mg/100 g fresh weight (FW). The highest total phenolic contents were found 62.3 (G2) to 85.6 (G4) mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) 100 g-1 fresh weight. Antioxidant capacity (DPPH) was in the range from 32.28% (G1) to 87.48% (G3)

Tear film and ocular surface changes in patients receiving systemic isotretinoin

Purpose: Our aim in this study was to assess the ocular surface and tear film changes in acne vulgaris patients receiving systemic isotretinoin. Material and Method: Twenty-two eyes of 22 patients who received oral isotretinoin (roaccutane®, 0.7 mg/kg/day) for nodular acne vulgaris were enrolled in this prospective study. Tear film break-up time (BUT), Schirmer 1 test scores with anesthesia, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores and conjunctival impression cytology scores were recorded before treatment and at 3- and 6-month visits following the beginning of treatment. Results: BUT values decreased and OSDI scores significantly increased at 3 months after treatment (p=0.007 and p=0.018, paired samples test). Schirmer scores did not significantly change by isotretinoin treatment. Of 9 eyes with impression cytology specimens, 4 revealed normal conjunctival findings before treatment. At the 3rd month, there was an increase in the scores characterized by decrease of Goblet cells, and at 6 months of treatment, normal conjunctival findings did not exist in any of the patients (p=0.004, Friedman test). Discussion: Systemic isotretinoin treatment can cause alterations in the tear film and cause dry eye symptoms

Effects of GA3 treatments on some chemical properties of "Amiga" and "Festival" strawberry cultivars

In the last years, interest in research on polyphenol-rich fruit species has increased due to the potential health benefits of these species, mainly attributed to their high anthocyanin content. This study was conducted to determination of GA3 treatment effects on some chemical properties of “Amiga” and “Festival” Strawberry cultivars. In this research 25, 50 and 75 ppm GA3 were applied. Strawberry fruits were harvested at the same maturity stage during the same growing season and the total phenolic, total anthocyanin and ascorbic acid content were determined. It (25, 50 and 75 ppm GA3 treatments) was compared according to their total phenolic (Folin-Ciocalteu method) and total anthocyanin (pH differential method) and ascorbic acid contents. Total phenolic of “Amiga” strawberry cultivar was varied between 474.97 (mg GAE 100g-1 FW) to 1028.38 (mg GAE 100g-1 FW). Total anthocyanin of “Amiga” strawberry cultivar and ascorbic acid were varied between 105.58 (µg/g) to 219.29 (µg/g) and 17.97 (mg/100 g) to 134.54 (mg/100 g) respectively. Total phenolic of “Festival” strawberry cultivar was varied between 896.85 (mg GAE 100g-1 FW) to 1194.82 (mg GAE 100g-1 FW). And total anthocyanin of “Festival” strawberry cultivar was varied between 37.41 (µg/g) to 113.39. (µg/g). Ascorbic acid contents were determined about 118.88 (mg/100 g) to 172.05 (mg/100 g) in festival strawberry cultivar. Highest value of total anthocyanin and ascorbic acid were obtained from 50 ppm treatment for two varieties. According to results “50 ppm GA3” treatment was suggested

Gas Transport Properties of the Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)-Assisted Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) Thin-Film Composite Membranes

The current study summarizes the findings of single-gas transport performances of mixed matrix thin-film composite membranes consisting of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) incorporated into a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1). Mg-MOF-74, MIL-53, TIFSIX-3, and Zn2(bim)4 were investigated as stand-alone materials and as incorporated into the PIM-1 polymer matrix serving as a selective layer of thin-film composite membranes by various methods: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state NMR, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of MOF loading and nature on the mixed-matrix membrane morphology and operation were analyzed by varying the MOF content in the polymer matrix from 2 to 10 wt % with respect to the dry polymer weight. The results show that the incorporation of MOFs into the PIM-1 polymer matrix boosts the permeance and selectivity of H2 and O2 over N2, and the prepared PIM-1/TIFSIX_4 mixed matrix membrane shows better separation performance for CO2/CH4 than pure PIM-1. Such membranes can be good candidates for ammonia purge gas, oxygen enrichment, and acid gas treatment applications

Türk Edebiyatında seci ve kullanımları

Kısaca nesirdeki kafiye olarak tanımlanacak seci, kafiye ve redif üzerine yapılan çalışmalara oranla, hakkında daha az çalışma yapılmış bir konudur. Bu sebeple seciyle ilgili bilgiler de kafiye ve redife göre daha azdır. Belagat kitaplarında seci hakkındaki bilgilerin bir kısmının tutarsız olduğu görülmektedir. Bu bilgilerden bir kısmı da belagat kitaplarında birbirinden farklı biçimde ele alınmaktadır

Mihr u Vefâ masnavies in Turkish litterature and Mihr u Vefâ masnavi written by unknown author

Mihr ü Vefâ hikâyesinin kaynağı İran edebiyatıdır. Edebiyatımızda bilinen en eski Mihr ü Vefâ mesnevisi Ümmî İsâ tarafından yazılmıştır. Ümmî İsâ'dan bu yana yazılan Mihr ü Vefâ mesnevilerinin mensur biçimleri de bulunmaktadır.Çalışmamızın konusunu mensur Mihr ü Vefâ hikâyesi oluşturmaktadır. İnceleme ve tenkitli metin olarak iki bölümden oluşan tezimizin tenkitli metin kısmı iki nüsha karşılaştırılarak ortaya konmuştur. İnceleme kısmında ise hikâye modern yöntemlerle ele alınmıştır. Metnin görünen yapısı altındaki derin yapıya ulaşmak için farklı yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Yöntemlerin metnimize uygulanmasından önce, kullanılacak yöntemin esere uygunluğu gözden geçirilmiştir. Elimizdeki metnin hikâye olduğu göz önünde tutularak, araştırmamız sırasında anlatı biçimlerine uygun yöntemler seçilmiştir. Bu yöntemler içinde Mihr ü Vefâ hikâyesine en uygun olduğunu düşündüğümüz hikâye tekniği, biçimbilim ve arketipsel sembolizm yöntemleri ile eser incelenmiştir.Üç ayrı yöntem ile incelenen eserden elde edilenler sonuç bölümünde tartışılmıştır.The origin of Mihr u Vefa is from Persian Literature.The oldest Masnavi of Mihr u Vefa wasWritten By Ummi Isa. Since from Ummi Isa there are prose forms of Mihr u Vefa. The subject of our study consists of Mihr u Vefa Story. Our thesis consists of analysis and examining parts and the the examining part is presented by comparing the two copies.In the analysis part the story is discussed with the modern methods. Different methods are used to reach the deeper structure of the story which is beyond the appearance. Before applying the methods to our text, the suitability of the methods that will be applied to the text are checked. Considering that our text is story, the methods that are suitable for the narration forms are selected. Among these methods the most suitable story as we thought for the Mihr u Vefa Story, the morphology and archetypal symbolism are the methods which the story is analyzed.The results that are acquired with three diffrents method from the text is discussed in the conclusion part of the story

Development of eggplant hybrid cultivar ‘BATEM FILIZI’ and determination of yield performance

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivation is an important part of vegetable production in Turkey. It is highly affected by abiotic stress factors such as low temperatures during growth and development. The present study was aimed to improve new hybrid varieties with high quality and fruit setting under undesirable environmental conditions in eggplant. The 39 inbred lines were developed from eggplant genepool by using pedigree breeding method at the Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute. They were characterized morphologically and evaluated for phylogenetic relationship among them. Selected seven lines were crossed each other to obtain F1 hybrids. Thirteen hybrids from these crosses were examined for their rate of heterosis and heterobeltiosis. These hybrids were not suitable for market demands although F1 hybrids including P350 as parental line had high heterosis rate. Oval fruit shaped P350 inbred line as female parent showed good performance and crossed with long fruit shaped P599 inbred line. The resultant F1 hybrid cultivar higher yielding, suitable for production under greenhouse and highly adaptable was registered with the name of BATEM FILIZI. It is recommended that this hybrid can be used in greenhouse production especially in single crop season

Membranes of Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) Modified by Poly(ethylene glycol)

Until now, the leading polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-1 has become quite famous for its high membrane permeability for many gases in gas separation, linked, however, to a rather moderate selectivity. The combination with the hydrophilic and low permeable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(ethylene oxides) (PEO) should on the one hand reduce permeability, while on the other hand enhance selectivity, especially for the polar gas CO2 by improving the hydrophilicity of the membranes. Four different paths to combine PIM-1 with PEG or poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) were studied: physically blending, quenching of polycondensation, synthesis of multiblock copolymers and synthesis of copolymers with PEO/PPO side chain. Blends and new, chemically linked polymers were successfully formed into free standing dense membranes and measured in single gas permeation of N2, O2, CO2 and CH4 by time lag method. As expected, permeability was lowered by any substantial addition of PEG/PEO/PPO regardless the manufacturing process and proportionally to the added amount. About 6 to 7 wt % of PEG/PEO/PPO added to PIM-1 halved permeability compared to PIM-1 membrane prepared under similar conditions. Consequently, selectivity from single gas measurements increased up to values of about 30 for CO2/N2 gas pair, a maximum of 18 for CO2/CH4 and 3.5 for O2/N2

A Framework for Computational Thinking Based on a Systematic Research Review

Computational Thinking (CT) has become popular in recent years and has been recognised as an essential skill for all, as members of the digital age. Many researchers have tried to define CT and have conducted studies about this topic. However, CT literature is at an early stage of maturity, and is far from either explaining what CT is, or how to teach and assess this skill. In the light of this state of affairs, the purpose of this study is to examine the purpose, target population, theoretical basis, definition, scope, type and employed research design of selected papers in the literature that have focused on computational thinking, and to provide a framework about the notion, scope and elements of CT. In order to reveal the literature and create the framework for computational thinking, an inductive qualitative content analysis was conducted on 125 papers about CT, selected according to pre-defined criteria from six different databases and digital libraries. According to the results, the main topics covered in the papers composed of activities (computerised or unplugged) that promote CT in the curriculum. The targeted population of the papers was mainly K-12. Gamed-based learning and constructivism were the main theories covered as the basis for CT papers. Most of the papers were written for academic conferences and mainly composed of personal views about CT. The study also identified the most commonly used words in the definitions and scope of CT, which in turn formed the framework of CT. The findings obtained in this study may not only be useful in the exploration of research topics in CT and the identification of CT in the literature, but also support those who need guidance for developing tasks or programs about computational thinking and informatics